Encapsultaion in General

What is Encapsulation:

Standard definitions says that it a process of wrapping up of data members and methods inside a class with the help of some access specifiers..

private,public and protected.

Private is a type of an access specifier which can be applied to a class, data member,method.

If given to a class then the data members,methods in that class can only access the class which is given as private.

public is type of an access specifier which can again be applied to a class, data members, methods and can be accessed from anywhere in the program.

protected is an other type of access specifier which can again be applied to a class,data members and methods and only the derived classes of that base class can be accessed to the base class which is protected.

Bussiness Intelligence definition

Business Intellignece:

Its nothing but building an "Information Delivery system for the customer to provide him right information at right time".

Here customers are any business bodies who want to know and mine the knowledge about their own business and go deep into the business.

Business Intelligence

"Business Intelligence is a set of methodologies, processes, architectures, and technologies that transform raw data into meaningful and useful information used to enable more effective strategic, tactical, and operational insights and decision-making."

Business intelligence (BI) refers to computer-based techniques used in identifying, extracting and analyzing business data, such as sales revenue by products and/or departments, or by associated costs and incomes.

BI technologies provide historical, current and predictive views of business operations. Common functions of business intelligence technologies are reporting, online analytical processing, analytics, data mining, business performance management, benchmarking, text mining and predictive analytics.

Business intelligence aims to support better business decision-making. Thus a BI system can be called a decision support system (DSS).

Though the term business intelligence is sometimes used as a synonym for competitive intelligence, because they both support decision making, BI uses technologies, processes, and applications to analyze mostly internal, structured data and business processes while competitive intelligence gathers, analyzes and disseminates information with a topical focus on company competitors. Business intelligence understood broadly can include the subset of competitive intelligence.

BI applications use data gathered from a data warehouse or a data mart. However, not all data warehouses are used for business intelligence, nor do all business intelligence applications require a data warehouse.

Business intelligence also includes technologies such as data integration, data quality, data warehousing, master data management, text and content analytics, and many others that the market sometimes lumps into the Information Management segment.

Business Intelligence can be applied to the following business purposes (MARCKM), in order to drive business value:

1. Measurement – program that creates a hierarchy of Performance Metrics and Benchmarking that informs business leaders about progress towards business goals.
2. Analytics – program that builds quantitative processes for a business to arrive at optimal decisions and to perform Business Knowledge Discovery. Frequently involves: data mining, Statistical Analysis, Predictive Analytics, Predictive Modeling, Business Process Modeling
   
3. Reporting/Enterprise Reporting – program that builds infrastructure for Strategic Reporting to serve the Strategic management of a business, NOT Operational Reporting. Frequently involves: Data visualization, Executive information system, OLAP
4. Collaboration/Collaboration platform – program that gets different areas (both inside and outside the business) to work together through Data sharing and Electronic Data interchange.
5. Knowledge Management – program to make the company data driven through strategies and practices to identify, create, represent, distribute, and enable adoption of insights and experiences that are true business knowledge. Knowledge Management leads to Learning Management and Regulatory Compliance/Compliance.

In the next tutorial, we will go through the architecture....

A View On C++

C++ is the first OOPs(Object Oriented Programming Language) which was introduced in the Programming world to make the Programming system more easy and understandable.

Object Oriented Programming is an approach to program organization and development that attempts to eliminate some of the pitfalls of conventional programming(C language).

Anyways lets go with some of the concepts of OOPs.
1) Class.
2)Object.
3)Data Abstraction and Encapsulation.
4)Inheritance.
5)Polymorphism
6)Dynamic Binding
7)Message Passing

All the concepts defined above contribute a lot to the object oriented paradigm.
Now lets explain each of the concept in detail..

1.)Class: Class is a reference type or a user defined datatype which refers to a memory location and consists of functions(C++)/methods(JAVA) and data members which are packed inside like a tiffin box :) ...A real time example of a class is just a class in your college where madam/sir are methods and students are data members who act accordingly to the method calls.

2.)Object:Object is an instance of a class(standard definition in any text book :) )...But many of us are confused with this definition...As said earlier Classes contain data members and methods...and we have said that classes are just reference types..Then you may get a doubt that how is memory allocated to this class and how are these data members are manipulated?
Instance is nothing but Space (or) memory.So object can now be defined as "memory allocated for a class" is an object..With the help of this object we are going to manipulate the data members present inside the class.

3.)DataAbstraction and Data Encapsulation: Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanation..In many programs we can see that business logics contain many variables and values assigned to those variables.So after the end of the program a user can only view the UserInterface runnig in different Stages..
But user doest know how that process is implemented..A desktop application is implemented in c++ then when we run that software it only shows the output how we have implemented.But not the code that is written in the back-end.

Data encapsulation works through access specifiers like
Private
Public
Protected
Lets go with these access specifiers in the next tutorial...

SEE YA :)

Presentations and Information

Presentation and Information On

Stegonography Click Here
 
How Google Works Click Here

Conceptual Database Design Click Here

Apriori Algorithm and its Improvement Click Here

Disaster Management Click Here

Learn "Index" with Example

Index in 7 points :

1. Index is used for faster retrieval of rows from a table. 
2. An index can be created explicitly by using the CREATE INDEX statement or implicitly by Oracle.
   The oracle server uses the index to search for a row rather than scanning through the entire table. 
3. Indexing reduces search time and disk input/output.
4. Creating and removing an index does not affect the table at all.
5. When a table is dropped,all indexes based on that table are also removed.
6. Implicit indexes are created when the primary key or unique constraint is defined. Such indexes get the name of the constraint .
7. User can create explicit indexes based on non-primary key or non unique columns or on any combination of columns for faster table access.

The general syntax is : 

CREATE INDEX indexname ON tablename(columnname1,columnname1);

By using the above syntax the columns can hold duplicate values. To create unique index,the keyword UNIQUE should be included : 

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX indexname ON tablename(columnname1,columnname1);

EXAMPLE :

CREATE INDEX stu_idx ON student(last,first);
Now suppose we want to see the index for table student :
SELECT index_name, table_name, FROM user_indexes WHERE table_name =
'student';

Exercise :

Create an index to search students faster based on their ID.

CREATE INDEX index02 ON employee24(fname,lname);

Learn "Joins" with Examples(Answers)

create table contact_details02(code_no varchar(30) references emp_master02(emp_no),phone_no number(10),address varchar(30))

emp_master02

branch_master02


1)List the employee details along with branch names to which they belong..

   select * from emp_master02 e inner join branch_master02 b on e.branchno=b.branchno

2)List the employee details of only those employees who belong to the Administration department along with branch names to which they belong.

  select * from emp_master02 e inner join branch_master02 b on e.branchno=b.branchno where e.dept='software'

3)List the employee details along with the contact details using Right outer join.

  select * from contact_details02 c right outer join emp_master02 e on e.emp_no= c.code_no

4)List the employee details along with the contact details using Left outer join.

  select * from contact_details02 c left outer join emp_master02 e on e.emp_no= c.code_no